CVE is a standardized identifier for publicly known security vulnerabilities. Each CVE has a unique ID (CVE-YEAR-NUMBER) and is scored by CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System).
CVSS scores: 0-3.9 Low, 4-6.9 Medium, 7-8.9 High, 9-10 Critical. Use CVSS to prioritize patching. NVD (National Vulnerability Database) hosts CVE details.