Routing protocols: Distance vector (RIP — hop count, slow convergence), Link state (OSPF, IS-IS — full topology, fast convergence), Path vector (BGP — policy-based, internet scale).
Static routes: manually configured, no overhead. Dynamic routing: automatic path discovery, redundancy. OSPF is the dominant enterprise interior protocol. BGP is the internet routing protocol. RIP is legacy (max 15 hops, slow convergence) — deprecated.